KARAKTERISTIK SIMPLISIA DAN MINYAK ATSIRI PADA DAUN KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.)

Fitriany, Reny (2024) KARAKTERISTIK SIMPLISIA DAN MINYAK ATSIRI PADA DAUN KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.). Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS BAKTI TUNAS HUSADA TASIKMALAYA.

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Abstract

PROGRAM STUDI S1 FARMASI FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS BAKTI TUNAS HUSADA TASIKMALAYA Abstract Introduction: Kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) are a wild plant that has a distinctive odor. The presence of a distinctive odor indicates the presence of essential oil compounds. Characterization testing of simplicia and essential oils is needed to guarantee quality before being used as raw materials. Objective: This study aims to determine the characteristics of simplicia and the essential oil of kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.). Methods: The research stage begins with examining the quality characteristics of simplicia including microscopic, macroscopic, water content, drying loss and phytochemical screening. The essential oil isolation method was carried out using soxhletation with n-hexane solvent, then purified using the ECC method using 70% ethanol solvent. The essential oil produced was tested for refractive index, optical rotation, specific gravity, viscosity acid number and compound component analysis using GC-MS. Results: Kirinyuh leaf simplicia has a distinctive odor, is green with a rough and densely hairy leaf surface, has a round leaf shape with a tapered tip and serrated edges, then the characteristic fragments of the leaves are covering hairs, vascular bundles with spiral thickenings, stomata, upper epidermis with oil drops, lower epidermis with stomata and trachea, has a water content of 4% ± 0.0000%, drying shrinkage of 5.53% ± 05026%, and is positive for polyphenols, steroids, monoterpenoids/sesquiterpenoids. Essential oil quality testing has a refractive index of 1.336 ± 0.0001 (nD200), optical rotation 0.1730 ± 0.1100, acid number 2.1674 mg KOH/g, specific gravity 1.1133 g/mL, viscosity 1.50 cP. The components of essential oil consist of 3-Penten-2-ONE, Nigakilactone F and Hexachlorocyclohexane. Conclusion: Based on the results, the essential oil of kirinyuh leaves has a characteristic odor, clear yellow color, with the largest percentage shown by Nigakilactone F. Keywords: Characterization, Kirinyuh Leaf, Essential Oils, GC-MS. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) merupakan tanaman liar yang memiliki bau khas. Adanya bau khas menunjukkan keberadaan senyawa minyak atsiri. Pengujian karakterisasi simplisia dan minyak atsiri diperlukan untuk menjamin kualitas sebelum dijadikan bahan baku. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia dan minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.). Metode: Tahapan penelitian diawali dengan pemeriksaan karakteristik mutu simplisia meliputi mikroskopik, makroskopik, kadar air, susut pengeringan dan skrining fitokimia. metode isolasi minyak atsiri dilakukan menggunakan soxhletasi dengan pelarut n-heksan, kemudian di purifikasi dengan metode ECC menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan diuji indeks bias, putaran optik, bobot jenis, bilangan asam viskositas dan analisis komponen senyawa menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil: Simplisia daun kirinyuh memiliki bau khas, berwarna hijau dengan permukaan daun yang berbulu kasar dan rapat, memiliki bentuk daun yang bulat dengan ujung meruncing dan pinggiran bergerigi, kemudian fragmen khas yang dimiliki daun adalah rambut penutup, berkas pembuluh dengan penebalan spiral, stomata, epidermis atas dengan tetes minyak, epidermis bawah dengan stomata dan trakea, memiliki kadar air 4% ± 0.0000%, susut pengeringan 5.53% ± 0.5026%, dan positif mengandung polifenol, steroid, monoterpenoid/sesquiterpenoid. Pengujian mutu minyak atsiri memiliki indek bias 1.336 ± 0.0001 (nD200), putaran optik 0.1730 ± 0.1100, bilangan asam 2.1674 mg KOH/g, bobot jenis 1.1133 g/mL, viskositas 1.50 cP. Komponen penyusun minyak atsiri terdiri dari 3-Penten-2-ONE, Nigakilactone F dan Hexachlorocyclohexane. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil, minyak atsiri daun kirinyuh memiliki karakteristik bau khas,berwarna kuning jernih, dengan persentasi terbesar ditunjukkan oleh Nigakilactone F. Kata kunci: Karakterisasi, Daun Kirinyuh, Minyak Atsiri, GC-MS.

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