Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis dengan Kram Otot yang Menjalani Hemodialisis melalui Terapi Relaksasi Otot Progresif di RSU Banjar Patroman

Widyawati, Dwi (2026) Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis dengan Kram Otot yang Menjalani Hemodialisis melalui Terapi Relaksasi Otot Progresif di RSU Banjar Patroman. Profesi thesis, UNIVERSITAS BAKTI TUNAS HUSADA.

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Abstract

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS DENGAN KRAM OTOT YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS MELALUI TERAPI RELAKSASI OTOT PROGRESIF DI RSU BANJAR PATROMAN Dwi Widyawati Program Studi Pendidikan Profesi Ners Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Gagal ginjal kronis merupakan kondisi penurunan fungsi ginjal yang bersifat progresif dan memerlukan terapi hemodialisis pada stadium lanjut. Salah satu komplikasi yang sering dialami pasien hemodialisis adalah kram otot pada ekstremitas bawah, terutama otot betis, yang dapat menimbulkan nyeri, gangguan aktivitas, serta penurunan kualitas tidur. Salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi kram otot adalah terapi relaksasi otot progresif (Progressive Muscle Relaxation). Pendekatan ini dilakukan melalui penerapan Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing (EBPN). Tujuan: Memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis dengan kram otot betis yang menjalani hemodialisis melalui penerapan terapi relaksasi otot progresif di RSU Banjar Patroman. Metode: Laporan kasus ini dilakukan pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisis dan mengalami kram pada otot betis bilateral (ekstremitas bawah) di RSU Banjar Patroman. Intervensi terapi relaksasi otot progresif dilakukan selama 15–20 menit secara bertahap pada kelompok otot tertentu. Pengukuran nyeri dilakukan menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), serta observasi terhadap kualitas tidur dan toleransi aktivitas pasien. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat perubahan kondisi pasien sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil: Setelah dilakukan terapi relaksasi otot progresif, terjadi penurunan intensitas nyeri pada kram otot betis dari skala 7 menjadi 3, penurunan frekuensi kram otot, peningkatan kemampuan aktivitas, serta peningkatan kualitas tidur pasien. Pasien juga mampu melakukan terapi relaksasi secara mandiri setelah diberikan edukasi dan latihan secara bertahap. Simpulan: Terapi relaksasi otot progresif efektif dalam membantu mengurangi kram otot betis pada ekstremitas bawah pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSU Banjar Patroman. Intervensi ini dapat dijadikan salah satu tindakan nonfarmakologis dalam praktik keperawatan berbasis bukti untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dan kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis. Kata kunci: Gagal ginjal kronis, hemodialisis, kram otot, terapi relaksasi otot progresif, Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing (EBPN). NURSING CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE EXPERIENCING MUSCLE CRAMPS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS THROUGH PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION THERAPY AT RSU BANJAR PATROMAN Dwi Widyawati Professional Nursing Education Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bakti Tunas Husada University ABSTRACT Background: Chronic kidney disease is a progressive decline in kidney function that requires hemodialysis therapy in the advanced stage. One of the most common complications experienced by patients undergoing hemodialysis is muscle cramps in the lower extremities, particularly in the calf muscles, which may cause pain, activity intolerance, and decreased sleep quality. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be used to reduce muscle cramps is Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) therapy. This approach was implemented through the application of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing (EBPN). Objective: To provide nursing care for a patient with chronic kidney disease experiencing calf muscle cramps while undergoing hemodialysis through the application of Progressive Muscle Relaxation therapy at Banjar Patroman General Hospital. Methods: This case report was conducted on a patient with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis who experienced bilateral calf muscle cramps in the lower extremities at Banjar Patroman General Hospital. Progressive Muscle Relaxation therapy was administered for 15–20 minutes by sequentially contracting and relaxing specific muscle groups. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while sleep quality and activity tolerance were evaluated through observation. The data were analyzed descriptively to compare the patient's condition before and after the intervention. Results: Following the implementation of Progressive Muscle Relaxation therapy, the pain intensity associated with calf muscle cramps decreased from a score of 7 to 3. The frequency of muscle cramps also decreased, activity tolerance improved, and sleep quality increased. In addition, the patient was able to perform the relaxation technique independently after receiving education and guided practice. Conclusion: Progressive Muscle Relaxation therapy was effective in reducing calf muscle cramps in the lower extremities among a patient with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at Banjar Patroman General Hospital. This intervention can be recommended as an evidence-based, non-pharmacological nursing intervention to improve patient comfort and quality of life. Keywords: chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, muscle cramps, progressive muscle relaxation therapy, Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing (EBPN).

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